This method of breeding is often used by growers who grow indoors. Another assurance that first records would be relatively free from selection bias. The backcross project began in 1973 when geneticist and dalmatian breeder, 1robert schaible ph. Crossbreeding without such information will always be a mediocre operation. The objective is to reduce the donor genome content dgc of the progenies by repeated back crosses. Weaber department of animal science and industry kansas state university introduction the dramatic changes and volatility cowcalf production system input costs and calf values have many producers wondering about the value of heterosis in todays beef. In this method, the parent used for backcrossing has a large number of desirable attributes but lacks a few characteristics. Test cross happens between a dominant phenotype with the recessive phenotype to determine the genotype of the dominant phenotype. Back cross method full explanation through diagram applications of back cross method plant breeding anirudh tiwari. The issue of plant breeding techniques and their compatibil. Crossbreeding is the recommended breeding strategy for commercial meat sheep and meat goat production. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Difference between test cross and backcross compare the. Backcross, the mating of a hybrid organism offspring of genetically unlike parents with one of its parents or with an organism genetically similar to the parent.
Backcrossing is when you take a plant or animal and cross it with one of its parents or possibly another closely related family member. Difference between test cross and backcross definition. The aim of this method to produce the new variety which is totally different from the parents bearing superior characters. Choosing parents and managing a pedigree breeding program. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Crossbreeding, sometimes called designer crossbreeding, is the process of breeding such an organism, often with the intention to create offspring that share the traits of both parent lineages, or producing an organism with hybrid vigor. The method is used generally to improve the yield and other characters of the variety. Markerassisted introgression in backcross breeding programs.
Principles of plant breeding icar ecourse pdf book agrimoon. List reasons why backcross breeding is necessary in developing genetically engineered lines. Back cross method full explanation through diagram. Tutorial of the breeding planner bp for marker assisted backcrossing mabc bp system consists of three tools relevant to molecular breeding. Introduction to plant breeding master gardener training. Backcross definition of backcross by the free dictionary. An illustration of a backcrossing scheme aiming to transfer a. Backcrossing has been used by plant breeders for decades to transfer specific character into elite lines. Dominant gene to transfer this is a breeding scheme to transfer a resistance gene governed by dominant gene in a susceptible variety having recessive gene which is otherwise high yielding i. Genetic linkage is a phenomenon in which genes tend to be inherited together. This was to be done by backcrossing to the red sindhi and sinlultaneously.
Principles and applications find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. The two types of experiment performed by mendel are. Haley and robin thompson roslin institute edinburgh, roslin, midlothian eh25 sps, scotland manuscript received december 12, 1995 accepted for publication august 28, 1996 abstract. It is used in horticulture, animal breeding and in production of gene knockout organisms. When f 1 individuals are crossed with one of the two parents either ccred flowered or ccwhite flowered from which they have been derived, then such a cross is called back cross. Backcrossing is a crossing of a hybrid with one of its parents or an individual genetically similar to its parent, in order to achieve offspring with a genetic identity which is closer to that of the parent. Pdf induce breeding to develop backcross generations of. Dec 31, 2018 this video will show you how to step by step hand breeding, thanks for watching. A cross between f1 hybrid and one of its parents is known as a backcross.
Backcross is the breeding of f1 hybrid with one of the parents. Ppt plant breeding methods powerpoint presentation. A crossbreed is an organism with purebred parents of two different breeds, varieties, or populations. Targeted crossbreeding and selection amplified the speed of the breeding. And again, the original dog s will mate with the strongest from that newest generation d2, etc. Backcrossing backcross breeding is a wellknown procedure for the introgression of a target gene from a donor line into the genomic background of a recipient line. Pdf backcrossing is a wellknown and long established breeding scheme where a characteristic is introgressed from a donor. Background genotypes were simulated assuming that a genetic model of many genes of small effects in coupling phase explains the observed breed difference and variance in backcross populations. Pdf on aug 1, 2016, gurvinder singh brah and others published animal breeding. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. The past, present and future of plant breeding vib.
Plant breeding is the purposeful manipulation of plant species in order to create desired genotypes and phenotypes for specific purposes. Most of our crops can be classified as cross pollinated or. Rather, it is the systematic use of breed resources to produce offspring of a specific type. Markerassisted backcrossing in breeding slideshare. Ppt plant breeding methods powerpoint presentation free. Test cross is the breeding of dominant phenotype with its recessive phenotype. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from.
Markerassisted introgression in backcross breeding. Test cross and backcross are two types of popular crosses in plant breeding. Back cross and test cross genetics biology by sayan. The variety which receives gene is recipient parent and variety which is the source of gene is called as donor parent. If the trait of interest is produced by a dominant gene, this process involves four rounds of backcrossing within seven seasons. Pdf selection in backcross programmes researchgate. The backcross is useful in genetics studies for isolating separating out certain characteristics in a related group of animals or plants. Essien and adesope 2003 while the back cross is a kind of line cross that seeks to increase the proportion of white fulani blood in preference to friesian f, the third. Backcross breeding method 410 hort 407 2 backcross breeding at the end, all genes will be homozygous except the genes transferred from the donor parent one or few generation of selfing will result in a variety homozygous at all loci, including newly transferred genes the new variety would have all the adaptability of the recurrent. If the trait of interest is produced by a dominant gene, this process involves four rounds of backcrossing.
Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that. To produce by the mating of individuals of different breeds, varieties, or species. Yorkshires have acceptable rates of gain in muscle. As a breeding practice, crossbreeding does not denote the indiscriminate mixing of breeds. Markerassisted backcrossing in breeding doctoral seminar presented by. The success of any crossbreeding programme is dependent on the quality of the parent breeds. The objective is to reduce the donor genome content dgc of the progenies by repeated backcrosses. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of using selectable markers, elisa, and pcr in screening for transgenic plants during the backcrossing. Dec 18, 2019 backcrossing is a powerful technique to help breeders stabilize strains.
Plant breeders use backcrossing to transfer the transgene from these older lines into elite, high yielding lines. Some crop lines are genetically more equipped to handle the stresses of tissue culture. It therefore makes sense to buy sires based on estimated breeding values ebvs and structural soundness. Backcross breeding method 410 hort 407 4 backcross breeding at the end, all genes will be homozygous except the genes transferred from the donor parent one or few generation of selfing will result in a variety homozygous at all loci, including newly transferred genes the new variety would have all the adaptability of the recurrent parent in addition to the good. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects.
Backcrossing is necessary because the lines that lend themselves well to tissue culture and transformation are typically older, low yielding lines. Transfer of leaf rust resistance to malviya 12 wheat examples malwia 12 wheat high yielding wheat variety became susceptible to stem and leaf rusts sparrow genes for all the three rusts resistance were transferred through back crossing programme f1 100 plants were grown all were back crossed to malwia 12 bc1 500 plants were grown. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Breeding program management irri rice knowledge bank. Backcrossing breeding dominance genetics plant breeding. Breeding back is a form of artificial selection by the deliberate selective breeding of domestic animals, in an attempt to achieve an animal breed with a phenotype that resembles a wild type ancestor, usually one that has gone extinct. The efficiency of markerassisted introgression in backcross populations derived from inbred lines was investigated by simulation. Backcrossing is a twogeneration breeding protocol that starts by generating hybrid f1 mice between two inbred strains preferably distantly related, one of them carrying the mutation of interest. Backcrossing breeding free download as powerpoint presentation. Another promising application of the backcross breeding approach at irri is selection for drought tolerance in bc2 populations in the molecular breeding program socalled because dna markers are used to track the introgression of donor segments into the. The study was undertaken to develop different backcross generations of catla catla ham. Definition and meaning of backbreeding in dogs breeding. In pedigree selection, elite plant lines are developed from a. Inbreed to fix traits, cross breed to add traits february 10, 2014 gamefowl circuit despite what so called livestock or poultry experts say about avoding inbreeding and choosing cross breeding as a way for improving your stock, here is why you choose either based on what purpose you have for your gamefowl.
Others scientists before him had determined that normal uric. The backcross is useful in genetics studies for isolating separating out certain characteristics in a related group of animals or. Sep 14, 2016 backcrossing backcross breeding is a wellknown procedure for the introgression of a target gene from a donor line into the genomic background of a recipient line. Backcross breeding method 410 hort 407 2 backcross breeding at the end, all genes will be homozygous except the genes transferred from the donor parent one or few generation of selfing will result in a variety homozygous at all loci, including newly transferred genes the new variety would have all the adaptability of the recurrent parent in addition to the good characteristics of the. The backcross is useful in genetics studies for isolating separating out certain. Hybridization is the breeding of animals from two different species. Backcrossing is the plant breeding method most widely used to incorporate one or a few genes into an elite or adapted variety.
Backcross of f1 hybrid with the recessive phenotype can be considered as a test. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Overview and objectives advanced backcross breeding. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. Find cross breeding lesson plans and teaching resources. Backcross helps to recover important characters of the parent population within hybrid populations. The idea is to create offspring which are genetically similar to the desired parent. Normally, breeds are chosen that have complementary traits that will enhance the offsprings economic value.
Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. Selection theory for markerassisted backcrossing genetics. Cannabis breeding techniques advanced grow weed easy. Cross breeding is the process of breeding with the intention to create offspring that share the traits of both parent lineages or to produce an animal with hybrid vigour the improved or increased function of any biological quality in a hybrid offspring. Backcross breeding enables breeders to transfer a desired trait such as a transgene from one variety donor parent, dp into the favored genetic background of another recurrent parent, rp. The downside of backcrossing is when the recurrent parent is not very true breeding and result in generations that are segregated with the many traits are deemed desirable, but fail to be reproduced consistently another limitation is that the enhanced variety differs only slightly from the recurrent parent, with usually. Backcross method 18 back cross method and various modified. Markerassisted backcrossing is routinely applied in breeding programs for gene introgression. Djiwanti, in plant macronutrient use efficiency, 2017. Dalmatian backcross project past, present and future. Selection in backcross programmes philosophical transactions of. Learn about the comparison between pedigree method and backcross method. Harlan and pope in 1922 first proposed backcrossing as an appropriate breeding method for cereal crops. Feb 15, 2015 back breeding is another form of inbreeding where one dog s is mating with another specimen d to then mate with the strongest from that new generation d1.
Crossbreeding definition of crossbreeding by the free. Backcrossing is a wellknown and long established breeding scheme where a characteristic is introgressed from a donor parent into the. Learn about the comparison between pedigree method and back cross method. In this treatise, we develop a theory for markerassisted selection for the proportion of the. The objective of backcross method is to improve one or. As a result, the genotype of the backcross progeny becomes increasingly similar to that of the recurrent parent. B1 crxc, b2 crxr, b1r crxcx r and bc1f2 crxcxcrxc in central agricultural research institute cari, port. While selection theory is the most important tool for the design of breeding programs for improvement of quantitative characters, no general selection theory is available for markerassisted backcrossing. An example of this would be taking a horse and breeding it with a zebra. Ppt backcross breeding powerpoint presentation free to. Since these lines are typically lower yielding, older lines, once a plant is successfully transformed it must go through backcrossing to move the transgene into a high yielding, elite line. This seems to violate mendels postulate of independent assortment of genes and can make it difficult to pick out a single trait from one parent without also bringing. In this treatise, we develop a theory for markerassisted. The downside of backcrossing is when the recurrent parent is not very true breeding and result in generations that are segregated with the many traits are deemed desirable, but fail to be reproduced consistently another limitation is that the enhanced variety differs only slightly from the recurrent parent.
Marker assisted selection for pyramiding multiple genes this tutorial is designed for mabc august 20. Markerassisted introgression in backcross breeding programs peter m. Tutorial of the breeding planner bp for marker assisted. Dec 22, 2015 backcross method for dominant and recessive gene transfer. Production characteristics of crossbred, backcross, and purebred. Only plants from rr bc2 plants are crossed to rp single recessive allele progeny test in same season each bc4f1 plant is progeny tested. Crossbreeding involves the mating of animals from two breeds. An example is the crossbreeding of yorkshire and duroc breeds of pigs. Backcross method for dominant and recessive gene transfer.